Binary mergers in the centers of galaxies: synergy between stellar flybys and tidal fields

TL;DR

This study reveals that the combined effects of stellar flybys and galactic tidal fields significantly increase the merger rates of compact binaries in galaxy centers, highlighting a synergistic mechanism that enhances gravitational wave event predictions.

Contribution

First to analyze the combined impact of tidal fields and flybys on binary mergers in galactic centers, demonstrating a synergy that boosts merger rates by a factor of 10-30.

Findings

Merger rates increase by a factor of 10-30 with combined effects.

Tides excite high eccentricities, enhanced by flyby diffusion.

Softening binaries can lift relativistic quenching, expanding merger phase space.

Abstract

Galactic centers are very dynamically active environments, often harbouring a nuclear star cluster and supermassive black hole at their cores. Binaries in these environments are subject to strong tidal fields that can efficiently torque its orbit, exciting near unity eccentricities that ultimately lead to their merger. In turn, frequent close interactions with passing stars impulsively perturb the orbit of the binary, generally softening their orbit until their evaporation, potentially hindering the role of tides to drive these mergers. In this work, we study the evolution of compact object binaries in the galactic center and their merger rates, focusing for the first time on the combined effect of the cluster's tidal field and flyby interactions. We find a significant synergy between both processes, where merger rates increase by a factor of ~10-30 compared to models in which only flybys or tides are taken into account. This synergy is a consequence of the persistent tides-driven eccentricity excitation that is enhanced by the gradual diffusion of $j_z$ driven by flybys. The merger efficiency peaks when the diffusion rate is ~10-100 slower than the tides-driven torquing. Added to this synergy, we also find that the gradual softening of the binary can lift the relativistic quenching of initially tight binaries, otherwise unable to reach extreme eccentricities, and thus expanding the available phase-space for mergers. Cumulatively, we conclude that despite the gradual softening of binaries due to flybys, these greatly enhance their merger rates in galaxy centers by promoting the tidal field-driven eccentricity excitation.