Hydrodynamics and Nucleosynthesis of Jet-Driven Supernovae II: Comparisons with Abundances of Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies and Constraints on Supernova Progenitors

TL;DR

This paper uses two-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations of jet-driven supernovae to explain the chemical abundances observed in extremely metal-poor galaxies, highlighting the role of aspherical explosions in galactic chemical evolution.

Contribution

It introduces detailed jet-driven supernova models with varying progenitor masses and explosion asymmetries, linking them to observed galaxy abundances and advancing understanding of supernova impact on early galaxy chemistry.

Findings

Aspherical supernova models match observed element ratios in EMPGs.

Jet-driven explosions influence the chemical signatures of high-redshift galaxies.

Progenitor mass and explosion asymmetry significantly affect nucleosynthesis outcomes.

Abstract

The spectra of several galaxies, including extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) from the EMPRESS survey, have shown that the abundances of some Si-group elements differ from "spherical" explosion models of massive stars. This leads to the speculation that these galaxies have experienced supernova explosions with high asphericity, where mixing and fallback of the inner ejecta with the outer material leads to the distinctive chemical compositions. In this article, we consider the jet-driven supernova models by direct two-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations using progenitors about 20 -- 25 $M_{\odot}$ at zero metallicity. We investigate how the abundance patterns depend on the progenitor mass, mass cut and the asphericity of the explosion. We compare the observable with available supernova and galaxy catalogs based on $^{56}$Ni, ejecta mass, and individual element ratios. The proximity of our results with the observational data signifies the importance of aspherical supernova explosions in chemical evolution of these galaxies. Our models will provide the theoretical counterpart for understanding the chemical abundances of high-z galaxies measured by the James Webb Space Telescope.