On the large deviation rate function for marked sparse random graphs

TL;DR

This paper derives a concise large deviation rate function for marked sparse random graphs, revealing the cost of deviations in component measures and providing tools for analyzing rare events and statistical physics models.

Contribution

It introduces a novel representation of the large deviation rate function for various marked sparse random graphs using relative entropies and unimodularity techniques.

Findings

Rate function expressed as sum of relative entropies

Representation aids in Gibbs conditioning principles

Applicable to statistical physics and particle systems

Abstract

We consider (annealed) large deviation principles for component empirical measures of several families of marked sparse random graphs, including (i) uniform graphs on $n$ vertices with a fixed degree distribution; (ii) uniform graphs on $n$ vertices with a fixed number of edges; (iii) Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi $G(n, c/n)$ random graphs. Assuming that edge and vertex marks are independent, identically distributed, and take values in a finite state space, we show that the large deviation rate function admits a concise representation as a sum of relative entropies that quantify the cost of deviation of a probability measure on marked rooted graphs from certain auxiliary independent and conditionally independent versions. The proof exploits unimodularity, the consequent mass transport principle, and random tree labelings to express certain combinatorial quantities as expectations with respect to size-biased distributions, and to identify unimodular extensions with suitable conditional laws. We also illustrate how this representation can be used to establish Gibbs conditioning principles that provide insight into the structure of marked random graphs conditioned on a rare event. Additional motivation for this work arises from the fact that such a representation is also useful for characterizing the annealed pressure of statistical physics models with general spins, and large deviations of evolving interacting particle systems on sparse random graphs.