A review of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Underwater Internet of Things

TL;DR

This paper reviews energy-efficient routing protocols in underwater IoT networks, emphasizing challenges, recent methodologies, and a comparison framework to improve quality of service and resource management in aquatic environments.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of existing routing protocols, highlights challenges, and proposes a comparison framework for quality-of-service routing in underwater IoT networks.

Findings

Identifies key challenges in underwater IoT routing

Analyzes recent routing methodologies for energy efficiency

Proposes a framework for comparing routing protocols

Abstract

Oceans, covering 70% of Earth's surface, arelargely unexplored, with about 95% remaining a mystery.Underwater wireless communication is pivotal in various domains,such as real-time aquatic data collection, marine surveillance,disaster prevention, archaeological exploration, andenvironmental monitoring. The Internet of Things has openednew avenues in underwater exploration through the underwaterInternet of Things concept. This innovative technology facilitatessmart ocean research, from small case studies to large-scaleoperations. UIoT networks utilise underwater equipment andsensors to gather and transmit data in aquatic environments.However, the dynamic nature of these environments poseschallenges to the network's structure and communication,necessitating efficient routing solutions. Quality-of-service-awarerouting is vital as it minimises energy usage, extends battery life,and enhances network performance. This paper delves into thechallenges and limitations of UIoT networks, highlighting recentrouting methodologies. It also proposes a comparison frameworkfor routing methods, focusing on the quality of service inunderwater IoT networks, to foster more optimal route selectionand better resource management.