ProCoT: Stimulating Critical Thinking and Writing of Students through Engagement with Large Language Models (LLMs)

TL;DR

ProCoT is a new student writing method that engages with LLMs to promote critical thinking and reduce cheating, showing improved student output quality and engagement compared to LLM-only responses.

Contribution

ProCoT introduces a novel prompting technique that enhances student critical thinking and writing skills while addressing LLM cheating concerns.

Findings

ProCoT stimulates critical thinking and creative writing.

ProCoT can effectively prevent cheating by limiting LLM influence.

Students tend to give shorter answers than LLMs.

Abstract

We introduce a novel writing method called Probing Chain-of-Thought (ProCoT), which potentially prevents students from cheating using a Large Language Model (LLM), such as ChatGPT, while enhancing their active learning. LLMs have disrupted education and many other fields. For fear of students cheating, many have resorted to banning their use. These LLMs are also known for hallucinations. We conduct studies with ProCoT in two different courses with 65 students. The students in each course were asked to prompt an LLM of their choice with one question from a set of four and required to affirm or refute statements in the LLM output by using peer-reviewed references. The results show two things: (1) ProCoT stimulates creative/critical thinking and writing of students through engagement with LLMs when we compare the LLM-only output to ProCoT output and (2) ProCoT can prevent cheating because of clear limitations in existing LLMs, particularly ChatGPT, when we compare students' ProCoT output to LLM ProCoT output. We also discover that most students prefer to give answers in fewer words than LLMs, which are typically verbose. The average word counts for students in the first course, ChatGPT (v3.5), and Phind (v8) are 208, 391 and 383, respectively.