RJUA-QA: A Comprehensive QA Dataset for Urology

TL;DR

RJUA-QA is a new, comprehensive medical question-answering dataset focused on urology, designed to improve clinical reasoning and diagnostic capabilities of large language models with real patient scenarios.

Contribution

The paper introduces RJUA-QA, the first medical QA dataset for clinical reasoning in urology, covering extensive disease categories with expert-level knowledge and real-world clinical data.

Findings

Medical-specific LLMs show improved diagnostic accuracy on RJUA-QA.

General LLMs require fine-tuning to handle clinical reasoning tasks.

RJUA-QA dataset enhances the development of reliable medical AI applications.

Abstract

We introduce RJUA-QA, a novel medical dataset for question answering (QA) and reasoning with clinical evidence, contributing to bridge the gap between general large language models (LLMs) and medical-specific LLM applications. RJUA-QA is derived from realistic clinical scenarios and aims to facilitate LLMs in generating reliable diagnostic and advice. The dataset contains 2,132 curated Question-Context-Answer pairs, corresponding about 25,000 diagnostic records and clinical cases. The dataset covers 67 common urological disease categories, where the disease coverage exceeds 97.6\% of the population seeking medical services in urology. Each data instance in RJUA-QA comprises: (1) a question mirroring real patient to inquiry about clinical symptoms and medical conditions, (2) a context including comprehensive expert knowledge, serving as a reference for medical examination and diagnosis, (3) a doctor response offering the diagnostic conclusion and suggested examination guidance, (4) a diagnosed clinical disease as the recommended diagnostic outcome, and (5) clinical advice providing recommendations for medical examination. RJUA-QA is the first medical QA dataset for clinical reasoning over the patient inquiries, where expert-level knowledge and experience are required for yielding diagnostic conclusions and medical examination advice. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted to evaluate the performance of both medical-specific and general LLMs on the RJUA-QA dataset. Our data is are publicly available at \url{https://github.com/alipay/RJU_Ant_QA}.