VITA: A Multi-modal LLM-based System for Longitudinal, Autonomous, and Adaptive Robotic Mental Well-being Coaching

TL;DR

VITA is a multi-modal, adaptive robotic coaching system leveraging large language models to promote mental well-being, demonstrating positive user perceptions and mental health improvements in real-world workplace settings.

Contribution

This work introduces VITA, a novel multi-modal LLM-based robotic coaching system that adapts to individual behaviors and demonstrates effectiveness in real-world mental well-being promotion.

Findings

Adaptive robotic coach was perceived more positively than pre-scripted versions.

The system successfully personalized coaching over time.

Participants showed significant mental well-being improvements.

Abstract

Recently, several works have explored if and how robotic coaches can promote and maintain mental well-being in different settings. However, findings from these studies revealed that these robotic coaches are not ready to be used and deployed in real-world settings due to several limitations that span from technological challenges to coaching success. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents VITA, a novel multi-modal LLM-based system that allows robotic coaches to autonomously adapt to the coachee's multi-modal behaviours (facial valence and speech duration) and deliver coaching exercises in order to promote mental well-being in adults. We identified five objectives that correspond to the challenges in the recent literature, and we show how the VITA system addresses these via experimental validations that include one in-lab pilot study (N=4) that enabled us to test different robotic coach configurations (pre-scripted, generic, and adaptive models) and inform its design for using it in the real world, and one real-world study (N=17) conducted in a workplace over 4 weeks. Our results show that: (i) coachees perceived the VITA adaptive and generic configurations more positively than the pre-scripted one, and they felt understood and heard by the adaptive robotic coach, (ii) the VITA adaptive robotic coach kept learning successfully by personalising to each coachee over time and did not detect any interaction ruptures during the coaching, (iii) coachees had significant mental well-being improvements via the VITA-based robotic coach practice. The code for the VITA system is openly available via: https://github.com/Cambridge-AFAR/VITA-system.