LBNF/DUNE Cryostats and Cryogenics Infrastructure for the DUNE Far Detector, Design Report

TL;DR

This paper details the design of cryostats and cryogenic systems for the DUNE far detector, enabling large-scale liquid argon TPC operation for neutrino detection and future expansion.

Contribution

It presents the detailed design of cryostats and cryogenics infrastructure for the first two DUNE detector modules, supporting scalability to four modules.

Findings

Cryostat and cryogenics system designs are suitable for large-scale neutrino detectors.

Infrastructure supports initial deployment and future expansion of the DUNE far detector.

Design ensures high purity and stable cryogenic conditions for liquid argon.

Abstract

DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on both a near detector and a cryogenic far detector. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines many tens-of-kilotons of fiducial mass with sub-centimeter spatial resolution to collect neutrino events and image them with high precision. Given its size, this detector will be implemented as a set of up to four modules, each of which will require its own cryostat that will contain approximately 17.5 metric kilotons of ultra-pure liquid argon (LAr). The cryogenics infrastructure to support the detector modules includes systems to receive, transfer, store, purify, and maintain the LAr. This design report describes the cryostats and the cryogenics infrastructure required for the first two detector modules; this infrastructure is designed to support expansion to up to four far detector modules.