Frozen Hayward-boson stars

TL;DR

This paper extends the study of boson star solutions by exploring frozen Hayward-boson stars within an Einstein-Hayward-scalar framework, revealing that both ground and excited states share critical properties.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of frozen Hayward-boson stars and analyzes their properties, including ground and excited states, within a new gravitational model.

Findings

Both ground and excited frozen stars have the same critical horizon.

Ground and excited states share the same mass under the same parameters.

The model extends previous Einstein-Bardeen theories to include Hayward black hole solutions.

Abstract

Recently, the model of the Einstein-Bardeen theory minimally coupled to a complex, massive, free scalar field was investigated in arXiv:2305.19057. The introduction of a scalar field disrupts the formation of an event horizon, leaving only a type of solution referred to as a Bardeen-boson star. When the magnetic charge $q$ exceeds a certain critical value, the frozen Bardeen-boson star can be obtained with $\omega \rightarrow 0$. In this paper, we extend to the investigation of Einstein-Hayward-scalar model, and obtain the solution of frozen Hayward-boson star, including the ground and excited states. Furthermore, under the same parameters, it is interesting to observe that both the ground state and the excited states frozen stars have the same critical horizon and mass.