Methods for Quantifying Dataset Similarity: a Review, Taxonomy and Comparison

TL;DR

This paper reviews and classifies over 100 methods for quantifying dataset similarity, providing a comprehensive taxonomy, comparison, and practical recommendations for selecting appropriate measures in various applications.

Contribution

It offers the first extensive taxonomy and comparison of dataset similarity measures, including an online tool for method selection.

Findings

Classified 118 methods into 10 categories

Compared methods based on applicability, interpretability, and properties

Provided guidelines for choosing similarity measures

Abstract

Quantifying the similarity between datasets has widespread applications in statistics and machine learning. The performance of a predictive model on novel datasets, referred to as generalizability, depends on how similar the training and evaluation datasets are. Exploiting or transferring insights between similar datasets is a key aspect of meta-learning and transfer-learning. In simulation studies, the similarity between distributions of simulated datasets and real datasets, for which the performance of methods is assessed, is crucial. In two- or $k$-sample testing, it is checked, whether the underlying distributions of two or more datasets coincide. Extremely many approaches for quantifying dataset similarity have been proposed in the literature. We examine more than 100 methods and provide a taxonomy, classifying them into ten classes. In an extensive review of these methods the main underlying ideas, formal definitions, and important properties are introduced. We compare the 118 methods in terms of their applicability, interpretability, and theoretical properties, in order to provide recommendations for selecting an appropriate dataset similarity measure based on the specific goal of the dataset comparison and on the properties of the datasets at hand. An online tool facilitates the choice of the appropriate dataset similarity measure.