A Scale-out Decentralized Blockchain Ledger System for Web3.0

TL;DR

EZchain is a scalable, decentralized blockchain system designed for Web3.0 that supports large-scale applications without sacrificing security or decentralization, achieving high throughput and fast transaction confirmation on consumer hardware.

Contribution

The paper introduces EZchain, a novel scale-out blockchain system that theoretically achieves infinite scalability and is compatible with consumer hardware, addressing key limitations of existing protocols.

Findings

Theoretical throughput can be nearly infinitely expanded.

Supports transaction confirmation within one minute.

Performance approaches centralized payment systems under typical network conditions.

Abstract

The development of underlying technologies in blockchain mostly revolves around a difficult problem: how to enhance the performance of the system and reduce various costs of nodes (such as communication, storage and verification) without compromising the system's security and decentralization. Various layer-1 and layer-2 protocols have provided excellent solutions for this challenge. However, they cannot yet be considered as a ``silver bullet". This paper proposes EZchain -- a novel decentralized ``scale-out" ledger system designed for web3.0, aiming to enable blockchain technology to truly support ledger applications in large-scale fully decentralized networks. Without compromising security and decentralization, EZchain successfully accomplishes the following milestones: 1) Scalability: The theoretical throughput of EZchain can be infinitely expanded, nearly unaffected by bandwidth and other resource constraints. 2) Consumer-Grade Hardware Compatibility: EZchain is designed to be compatible with consumer-grade hardware, supporting storage, computation, and verification requirements. 3) Efficient Transaction Confirmation: EZchain strives to maintain transaction confirmation delays within one minute. Our prototype experiment demonstrates that under typical daily bandwidth network conditions, EZchain's performance in all aspects approaches that of the accounts in centralized payment systems. This provides a solid infrastructure for realizing mobile payments in web3.0.