Bubbles of Nothing: The Tunneling Potential Approach

TL;DR

This paper uses the tunneling potential approach to classify and analyze bubbles of nothing, fundamental decay processes in higher-dimensional theories, revealing new types and their interplay with other decay channels.

Contribution

It introduces a novel classification of bubbles of nothing using the tunneling potential method, simplifying their analysis and connecting higher-dimensional decays to 4D descriptions.

Findings

Identified four distinct types of bubbles of nothing.

Demonstrated the applicability of the $V_t$ approach to multifield scenarios.

Analyzed the interaction between BoN decays and other vacuum decay channels.

Abstract

Bubbles of nothing (BoNs) describe the decay of spacetimes with compact dimensions and are thus of fundamental importance for many higher dimensional theories proposed beyond the Standard Model. BoNs admit a 4-dimensional description in terms of a singular Coleman-de Luccia (CdL) instanton involving the size modulus field, stabilized by some potential $V(\phi)$. Using the so-called tunneling potential ($V_t$) approach, we study which types of BoNs are possible and for which potentials $V(\phi)$ can they be present. We identify four different types of BoN, characterized by different asymptotic behaviours at the BoN core and corresponding to different classes of higher dimensional theories, which we also classify. Combining numerous analytical and numerical examples, we study the interplay of BoN decays with other standard decay channels, identify the possible types of quenching of BoN decays and show how BoNs for flux compactifications can also be described in 4 dimensions by a multifield $V_t$. The use of the $V_t$ approach greatly aids our analyses and offers a very simple picture of BoNs which are treated in the same language as any other standard vacuum decays.