Situating the social issues of image generation models in the model life cycle: a sociotechnical approach

TL;DR

This paper categorizes social issues related to image generation models, situates them within the model life cycle, and compares their risks to those of large language models, emphasizing the urgent need for social impact considerations.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive sociotechnical framework for understanding social issues in image generation models and situates these issues within the model life cycle.

Findings

Identified seven social issue clusters in image generation models

Situates social issues within the model life cycle stages

Argues risks are comparable to those of large language models

Abstract

The race to develop image generation models is intensifying, with a rapid increase in the number of text-to-image models available. This is coupled with growing public awareness of these technologies. Though other generative AI models--notably, large language models--have received recent critical attention for the social and other non-technical issues they raise, there has been relatively little comparable examination of image generation models. This paper reports on a novel, comprehensive categorization of the social issues associated with image generation models. At the intersection of machine learning and the social sciences, we report the results of a survey of the literature, identifying seven issue clusters arising from image generation models: data issues, intellectual property, bias, privacy, and the impacts on the informational, cultural, and natural environments. We situate these social issues in the model life cycle, to aid in considering where potential issues arise, and mitigation may be needed. We then compare these issue clusters with what has been reported for large language models. Ultimately, we argue that the risks posed by image generation models are comparable in severity to the risks posed by large language models, and that the social impact of image generation models must be urgently considered.