Data-driven building energy efficiency prediction using physics-informed neural networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces a physics-informed neural network model for predicting building energy efficiency using general building data and physics equations, demonstrating promising results on real case studies.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel physics-informed neural network approach for building energy prediction, integrating physics equations into deep learning to improve accuracy and reduce reliance on manual audits.

Findings

Achieved promising prediction accuracy on real case data.

Demonstrated the model's ability to estimate thermal properties and heat losses.

Paved the way for automated, data-driven energy efficiency assessments.

Abstract

The analytical prediction of building energy performance in residential buildings based on the heat losses of its individual envelope components is a challenging task. It is worth noting that this field is still in its infancy, with relatively limited research conducted in this specific area to date, especially when it comes for data-driven approaches. In this paper we introduce a novel physics-informed neural network model for addressing this problem. Through the employment of unexposed datasets that encompass general building information, audited characteristics, and heating energy consumption, we feed the deep learning model with general building information, while the model's output consists of the structural components and several thermal properties that are in fact the basic elements of an energy performance certificate (EPC). On top of this neural network, a function, based on physics equations, calculates the energy consumption of the building based on heat losses and enhances the loss function of the deep learning model. This methodology is tested on a real case study for 256 buildings located in Riga, Latvia. Our investigation comes up with promising results in terms of prediction accuracy, paving the way for automated, and data-driven energy efficiency performance prediction based on basic properties of the building, contrary to exhaustive energy efficiency audits led by humans, which are the current status quo.