Superlens-Assisted Laser Nanostructuring of Long Period Optical Fiber Gratings (LPGs) for Enhanced Refractive Index Sensing

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel superlens-assisted laser nanostructuring method to enhance the sensitivity of Long Period Optical Fiber Gratings (LPGs) for refractive index sensing by creating durable nanohole structures on the fiber surface.

Contribution

The study presents a new nanostructuring technique using microsphere-assisted laser irradiation to improve LPG sensor sensitivity and durability, surpassing traditional coating methods.

Findings

Nanostructured LPGs showed up to 19.57% sensitivity improvement.

Higher nanohole density correlates with greater sensing enhancement.

Nanohole structures are durable in harsh environments.

Abstract

We present an innovative method to enhance Long Period Optical Fiber Gratings (LPGs) for refractive index sensing using microsphere-assisted superlens laser nanostructuring. This technique involves self-assembling a silica microsphere monolayer on LPGs' outer surface, followed by pulsed laser irradiation to generate nanoholes (300-500 nm) forming nanohole-structured LPGs (NS-LPGs). In experiments, two nanohole densities were compared for their impact on sensing performance in sucrose and glycerin solutions. The nanostructured NS-LPGs showed improved sensitivity by 16.08% and 19.57% compared to regular LPGs, with higher nanohole density yielding greater enhancement. Importantly, the permanent nanohole structures ensure durability in harsh environments, surpassing conventional surface-coating-based LPGs. Further improvements can be achieved by refining nanostructuring density and controlling nanohole size and depth. Our work represents a notable advancement in LPG sensor engineering, prioritizing surface nanostructuring over nano-coating, promising enhanced refractive index sensing applications.