New constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity from missing two-loop contributions of scalar induced gravitational waves

TL;DR

This paper constrains primordial non-Gaussianity using NANOGrav data by calculating previously missing two-loop contributions to scalar induced gravitational waves, significantly impacting the allowed parameter space.

Contribution

It introduces the first calculation of seventeen missing two-loop diagrams related to local-type primordial non-Gaussianity, refining constraints on $f_{NL}$ from gravitational wave observations.

Findings

Excludes $f_{NL}$ in [-5,-1] based on PTA data.

Shows two-loop diagrams can significantly suppress SIGW energy density.

Suggests the only viable $f_{NL}$ range is between -1 and 0.

Abstract

We analyze the energy density spectrum of \acp{SIGW} using the NANOGrav 15-year data set, thereby constraining the primordial non-Gaussian parameter $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$. For the first time, we calculate the seventeen missing two-loop diagrams proportional to $f_{\mathrm{NL}}A_{\zeta}^3$ that correspond to the two-point correlation function $\langle h^{\lambda,(3)}_{\mathbf{k}} h^{\lambda',(2)}_{\mathbf{k}'} \rangle$ for local-type primordial non-Gaussianity. The total energy density spectrum of \acp{SIGW} can be significantly suppressed by these two-loop diagrams. If \acp{SIGW} dominate the \acp{SGWB} observed in \ac{PTA} experiments, the parameter interval $f_{\mathrm{NL}}\in [-5,-1]$ is notably excluded based on NANOGrav 15-year data set. After taking into account abundance of \acp{PBH} and the convergence of the cosmological perturbation expansion, we find that the only possible parameter range for $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ might be $-1\le f_{\mathrm{NL}}< 0$.