High-fidelity 3D Reconstruction of Plants using Neural Radiance Field

TL;DR

This paper explores the application of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) for high-fidelity 3D plant reconstruction, demonstrating promising results and identifying key limitations in agricultural environments.

Contribution

It introduces a novel plant phenotype dataset and evaluates NeRF methods, specifically Instant-NGP and Instant-NSR, for plant 3D reconstruction in unstructured agricultural settings.

Findings

NeRF achieves competitive 3D reconstruction quality compared to commercial software.

NeRF effectively synthesizes novel-view images of plants.

Training speeds of NeRF are relatively slow and performance drops with insufficient sampling.

Abstract

Accurate reconstruction of plant phenotypes plays a key role in optimising sustainable farming practices in the field of Precision Agriculture (PA). Currently, optical sensor-based approaches dominate the field, but the need for high-fidelity 3D reconstruction of crops and plants in unstructured agricultural environments remains challenging. Recently, a promising development has emerged in the form of Neural Radiance Field (NeRF), a novel method that utilises neural density fields. This technique has shown impressive performance in various novel vision synthesis tasks, but has remained relatively unexplored in the agricultural context. In our study, we focus on two fundamental tasks within plant phenotyping: (1) the synthesis of 2D novel-view images and (2) the 3D reconstruction of crop and plant models. We explore the world of neural radiance fields, in particular two SOTA methods: Instant-NGP, which excels in generating high-quality images with impressive training and inference speed, and Instant-NSR, which improves the reconstructed geometry by incorporating the Signed Distance Function (SDF) during training. In particular, we present a novel plant phenotype dataset comprising real plant images from production environments. This dataset is a first-of-its-kind initiative aimed at comprehensively exploring the advantages and limitations of NeRF in agricultural contexts. Our experimental results show that NeRF demonstrates commendable performance in the synthesis of novel-view images and is able to achieve reconstruction results that are competitive with Reality Capture, a leading commercial software for 3D Multi-View Stereo (MVS)-based reconstruction. However, our study also highlights certain drawbacks of NeRF, including relatively slow training speeds, performance limitations in cases of insufficient sampling, and challenges in obtaining geometry quality in complex setups.