Heating up quadruply quantized vortices: Splitting patterns and dynamical transitions

TL;DR

This paper uses holographic duality to analyze how finite temperature affects the instability and splitting patterns of quadruply quantized vortices, revealing new dynamical transitions and symmetry modes that could be experimentally observed.

Contribution

It provides the first analysis of temperature effects on vortex splitting patterns using holographic duality, identifying novel dynamical transitions and symmetry modes.

Findings

Two consecutive dynamical transitions at specific temperatures.

Transition of unstable modes from 2-fold to 3-fold, then to 4-fold symmetry.

Successive excitation of 5- and 6-fold symmetry unstable modes.

Abstract

Using holographic duality, we investigate the impact of finite temperature on the instability and splitting patterns of quadruply quantized vortices, providing the first-ever analysis in this context. Through linear stability analysis, we reveal the occurrence of two consecutive dynamical transitions. At a specific low temperature, the dominant unstable mode transitions from the $2$-fold rotational symmetry mode to the $3$-fold one, followed by a transition from the $3$-fold one to the $4$-fold one at a higher temperature. As the temperature is increased, we also observe the $5$ and $6$-fold rotational symmetry unstable modes get excited successively. Employing the full non-linear numerical simulations, we further demonstrate that these two novel dynamical transitions, along with the temperature-induced instabilities for the $5$ and $6$-fold rotational symmetry modes, can be identified by examining the resulting distinct splitting patterns, which offers a promising route for the experimental verification in the cold atom gases.