Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly-correlated states

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates strong hole-photon coupling in planar germanium quantum dots, revealing vacuum-Rabi splitting and exploring Coulomb correlation effects, advancing the development of scalable hole-based quantum processors.

Contribution

It reports the first strong coupling between a hole charge qubit in planar Ge and microwave photons, with high coupling strength and tunability, and investigates correlation effects in Ge quantum dots.

Findings

Vacuum-Rabi splitting with coupling strength up to 260 MHz.

High cooperativity of around 100 dependent on DQD tuning.

Observation of quenched energy splitting indicating strong Coulomb correlations.

Abstract

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in planar germanium (Ge) heterostructures have emerged as front-runners for future hole-based quantum processors. Here, we present strong coupling between a hole charge qubit, defined in a double quantum dot (DQD) in planar Ge, and microwave photons in a high-impedance ($Z_\mathrm{r} = 1.3 ~\mathrm{k}\Omega$) resonator based on an array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Our investigation reveals vacuum-Rabi splittings with coupling strengths up to $g_0/2\pi = 260 ~\mathrm{MHz}$, and a cooperativity of $C \sim 100$, dependent on DQD tuning. Furthermore, utilizing the frequency tunability of our resonator, we explore the quenched energy splitting associated with strong Coulomb correlation effects in Ge QDs. The observed enhanced coherence of the strongly correlated excited state signals the presence of distinct symmetries within related spin functions, serving as a precursor to the strong coupling between photons and spin-charge hybrid qubits in planar Ge. This work paves the way towards coherent quantum connections between remote hole qubits in planar Ge, required to scale up hole-based quantum processors.