Exchange-only virial relation from the adiabatic connection

TL;DR

This paper revisits the exchange-only virial relation using the adiabatic connection, defining exchange energy via the derivative of the density functional, and proves a relation without requiring a local-exchange potential.

Contribution

It introduces a new proof of the exchange-only virial relation based on the adiabatic connection and $v$-representability, avoiding the need for an explicit local-exchange potential.

Findings

Proves an exchange-only virial relation without explicit local-exchange potential.

Defines exchange energy through the derivative of the density functional at zero coupling.

Establishes the relation in terms of the exchange-correlation potential limit.

Abstract

The exchange-only virial relation due to Levy and Perdew is revisited. Invoking the adiabatic connection, we introduce the exchange energy in terms of the right-derivative of the universal density functional w.r.t. the coupling strength $\lambda$ at $\lambda=0$. This agrees with the Levy-Perdew definition of the exchange energy as a high-density limit of the full exchange-correlation energy. By relying on $v$-representability for a fixed density at varying coupling strength, we prove an exchange-only virial relation without an explicit local-exchange potential. Instead, the relation is in terms of a limit ($\lambda \searrow 0$) involving the exchange-correlation potential $v_\mathrm{xc}^\lambda$, which exists by assumption of $v$-representability. On the other hand, a local-exchange potential $v_\mathrm{x}$ is not warranted to exist as such a limit.