Strongly anisotropic vortices in dipolar quantum droplets

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the creation and stability analysis of strongly anisotropic vortex quantum droplets with embedded vorticity in three-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, including their dynamic behaviors and effects of three-body losses.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of anisotropic vortex quantum droplets with perpendicular vortex and polarization axes, and explores their stability and dynamic properties through systematic simulations.

Findings

Stable anisotropic vortex quantum droplets are identified in specific parameter regions.

Vortex-antivortex-vortex bound states are constructed and shown to be stable.

AVQDs can maintain their topological structure for extended periods if the scattering length is sufficiently large.

Abstract

We construct strongly anisotropic quantum droplets with embedded vorticity in the 3D space, with mutually perpendicular vortex axis and polarization of atomic magnetic moments. Stability of these anisotropic vortex quantum droplets (AVQDs) is verified by means of systematic simulations. Their stability area is identified in the parametric plane of the total atom number and scattering length of the contact interactions. We also construct vortex-antivortex-vortex bound states and find their stability region in the parameter space. The application of a torque perpendicular to the vorticity axis gives rise to robust intrinsic oscillations or rotation of the AVQDs. The effect of three-body losses on the AVQD stability is considered too. The results show that the AVQDs can retain the topological structure (vorticity) for a sufficiently long time if the scattering length exceeds a critical value.