On the $C_4$-isolation number of a graph

TL;DR

This paper investigates the $C_4$-isolation number of connected graphs, establishing an upper bound related to the graph's size and characterizing extremal graphs, and proposes a conjecture for general cycles.

Contribution

It proves a new upper bound for the $C_4$-isolation number in connected graphs and characterizes the graphs that reach this bound, extending previous cycle isolation results.

Findings

Proved that $ abla(G,C_4) leq rac{m+1}{6}$ for connected graphs not isomorphic to $C_4$.

Characterized the extremal graphs attaining the bound.

Conjectured a general bound for $C_k$-isolation numbers in connected graphs.

Abstract

Let $C_k$ be the cycle of length $k$. For any graph $G$, a subset $D \subseteq V(G)$ is a $C_k$-isolating set of $G$ if the graph obtained from $G$ by deleting the closed neighbourhood of $D$ contains no $C_k$ as a subgraph. The $C_k$-isolation number of $G$, denoted by $\iota(G,C_k)$, is the cardinality of a smallest $C_k$-isolating set of $G$. Borg (2020) and Borg et al. (2022) proved that if $G \ncong C_3$ is a connected graph of order $n$ and size $m$, then $\iota(G,C_3) \leq \frac{n}{4}$ and $\iota(G,C_3) \leq \frac{m+1}{5}$. Very recently, Bartolo, Borg and Scicluna showed that if $G$ is a connected graph of order $n$ that is not one of the determined nine graphs, then $\iota(G,C_4) \leq \frac{n}{5}$. In this paper, we prove that if $G \ncong C_4$ is a connected graph of size $m$, then $\iota(G,C_4) \leq \frac{m+1}{6}$, and we characterize the graphs that attain the bound. Moreover, we conjecture that if $G \ncong C_k$ is a connected graph of size $m$, then $\iota(G,C_k) \leq \frac{m+1}{k+2}$.