Sourcing the Kerr geometry

TL;DR

This paper introduces a rotating exotic matter model called the rotating frozen star that can source the Kerr geometry, matching black hole properties while avoiding inner horizons and ergospheres, and potentially describing the quantum final state of collapse.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel rotating frozen star model that sources Kerr geometry without inner horizons, saturates energy conditions, and aligns with black hole mass and spin.

Findings

The interior geometry avoids inner horizons and ergospheres.

The mass and angular momentum match Kerr black hole parameters.

The model saturates the null-energy condition throughout the interior.

Abstract

The Kerr metric is a vacuum solution of the Einstein equations outside of a rotating black hole, but what interior matter is actually rotating and sourcing the Kerr geometry? Here, we describe a rotating exotic matter which can source the Kerr geometry for the entire acceptable range of its spin parameter and be shown to saturate the radial null-energy condition at every point in the interior, while being free of any obvious pathologies. We do so by introducing the rotating frozen star, whose compactness is controlled by a perturbative parameter and whose outer surface can be arbitrarily close to the horizon of a Kerr black hole. The interior geometry modifies Kerr's such that there is neither an inner ergosphere nor an inner horizon, and the metric and Einstein tensors are regular everywhere except for a mild, removable singularity at the center of the star. The geometry of each radial slice of the interior is a nearly null surface with the same geometry, but different radial size, as that of the would-be horizon on the outermost slice. Moreover, the metric limits to that of the static frozen star as the spin is taken to zero. The integral of the energy density leads to a rest mass that is equal to the irreducible mass of a Kerr black hole, and the integral of the angular-momentum density confirms that the ratio of the angular momentum to the mass is equal to the Kerr spin parameter. Including the rotational energy in the standard way, we then obtain the total gravitational mass and angular momentum of a Kerr black hole with the same mass and spin parameters. We propose that the rotating frozen star provides a classical description of the highly quantum final state of gravitationally collapsed matter, which features a maximally entropic, stringy fluid as described by our polymer model for the black hole interior.