Quantum interferometers: principles and applications

TL;DR

This review discusses the principles and diverse applications of three key quantum interferometers, highlighting their roles in advancing quantum physics and technology.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical models and practical uses of HOM, N00N, and Franson interferometers in quantum information science.

Findings

Detailed theoretical models for each interferometer type

Applications in quantum communication, computation, and measurement

Insights into the development of quantum interference technologies

Abstract

Interference, which refers to the phenomenon associated with the superposition of waves, has played a crucial role in the advancement of physics and finds a wide range of applications in physical and engineering measurements. Interferometers are experimental setups designed to observe and manipulate interference. With the development of technology, many quantum interferometers have been discovered and have become cornerstone tools in the field of quantum physics. Quantum interferometers not only explore the nature of the quantum world but also have extensive applications in quantum information technology, such as quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum measurement. In this review, we analyze and summarize three typical quantum interferometers: the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer, the N00N state interferometer, and the Franson interferometer. We focus on the principles and applications of these three interferometers. In the principles section, we present the theoretical models for these interferometers, including single-mode theory and multi-mode theory. In the applications section, we review the applications of these interferometers in quantum communication, computation, and measurement. We hope that this review article will promote the development of quantum interference in both fundamental science and practical engineering applications.