Longitudinal kinematic imbalances in neutrino and antineutrino interactions for improved measurements of neutrino energy and the axial vector form factor

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new observable, the visible longitudinal momentum imbalance, to improve neutrino energy reconstruction and nuclear effect understanding in neutrino-nucleus interactions, aiding precise measurements in oscillation experiments.

Contribution

It proposes a novel longitudinal imbalance observable that reduces energy dependence and enhances the selection of hydrogen interactions for better nuclear effect analysis.

Findings

The longitudinal imbalance is minimally dependent on neutrino energy.

It enables high-purity selection of hydrogen interactions.

Potential for precise measurements of the axial vector form factor.

Abstract

Current and future accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments require an improved understanding of nuclear effects in neutrino-nucleus interactions. One important systematic uncertainty is introduced by the collective impact of nuclear effects which bias the reconstruction of the neutrino energy, such as the nuclear removal energy. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel observable for accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments, the visible longitudinal momentum imbalance, reconstructed in charged current quasi-elastic interactions from the outgoing charged lepton and nucleon. We demonstrate it to be minimally dependent on the neutrino energy and sensitive to sources of bias in neutrino energy reconstruction. Furthermore, we show how the use of the longitudinal imbalance in antineutrino interactions in a target containing hydrogen allows for an improved, high-purity selection of the interactions on hydrogen. This approach offers the potential for precise measurements of the nuclear axial vector form factor as well as of the antineutrino flux.