X-type stacking in cross-chain antiferromagnets

TL;DR

This paper introduces X-type stacking in cross-chain antiferromagnets, enabling sublattice-selective spin transport and dynamics, which could advance spintronic device performance.

Contribution

It proposes a new magnetic stacking pattern, X-type, with unique sublattice-specific properties, supported by high-throughput analysis and first-principles calculations.

Findings

Identification of three prototypes of X-type AFM stacking

Prediction of sublattice-selective spin-polarized transport in $eta$-Fe$_{2}$PO$_{5}$

Potential for ultrafast, deterministic switching of AFM domains

Abstract

Physical phenomena in condensed matter normally arise from the collective effect of all atoms, while selectively addressing a lone atomic sublattice by external stimulus is elusive. The later functionality may, however, benefit various applications, as the response may differ when the external stimulus affects only a specific sublattice rather than the entire solid. Here, we introduce cross-chain antiferromagnets, where the stacking of two magnetic sublattices forms a pattern of intersecting atomic chains, allowing for the sublattice selectivity. We dub this antiferromagnetic (AFM) stacking X-type and demonstrate that it exhibits unique spin-dependent transport properties not present in conventional magnets. Through high-throughput analyses and computations, we unveil three prototypes of X-type AFM stacking and identify 15 candidate candidates. Using $\beta$-Fe$_{2}$PO$_{5}$ as a representative X-type antiferromagnet, we predict sublattice-selective spin-polarized transport driven by the X-type stacking, where one magnetic sublattice conducts, while the other does not. Consequently, a spin torque can be exerted solely on a single sublattice, leading to unconventional ultrafast dynamics of the N\`eel vector capable of deterministic switching of the AFM domains. Our work uncovers a previously overlooked type of magnetic moment stacking and reveals sublattice-selective physical properties promising for high-performance spintronic applications.