Genuine multipartite entanglement detection with imperfect measurements: concept and experiment

TL;DR

This paper develops and experimentally demonstrates methods for detecting genuine multipartite entanglement that are robust against small measurement imperfections, improving reliability in practical quantum experiments.

Contribution

It introduces measurement-imperfection-tolerant entanglement witnesses applicable to any number of qubits, with experimental validation in a photonic system.

Findings

Imperfection-independent entanglement witnesses for any qubit number

Small alignment errors can affect standard witnesses, but correction is possible

Enhanced noise resilience compared to device-independent approaches

Abstract

Standard procedures for entanglement detection assume that experimenters can exactly implement specific quantum measurements. Here, we depart from such idealizations and investigate, in both theory and experiment, the detection of genuine multipartite entanglement when measurements are subject to small imperfections. For arbitrary qubits number $n$, we construct multipartite entanglement witnesses where the detrimental influence of the imperfection is independent of $n$. In a tabletop four-partite photonic experiment we demonstrate first how a small amount of alignment error can undermine the conclusions drawn from standard entanglement witnesses, and then perform the correction analysis. Furthermore, since we consider quantum devices that are trusted but not perfectly controlled, we showcase advantages in terms of noise resilience as compared to device-independent models.