XUE. Molecular inventory in the inner region of an extremely irradiated Protoplanetary Disk

TL;DR

This study uses JWST to analyze the inner regions of a highly irradiated protoplanetary disk, revealing that such extreme environments can host conditions similar to those in less irradiated regions, impacting theories of planet formation.

Contribution

First detection of molecular inventory in an extremely irradiated disk, showing similar chemistry to less irradiated disks, expanding understanding of planet formation environments.

Findings

Detection of water, CO, CO₂, HCN, and C₂H₂ in the inner disk

Presence of crystalline silicate dust at the disk surface

Inner disk conditions are similar to those in low-mass star-forming regions

Abstract

We present the first results of the eXtreme UV Environments (XUE) James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) program, that focuses on the characterization of planet forming disks in massive star forming regions. These regions are likely representative of the environment in which most planetary systems formed. Understanding the impact of environment on planet formation is critical in order to gain insights into the diversity of the observed exoplanet populations. XUE targets 15 disks in three areas of NGC 6357, which hosts numerous massive OB stars, among which some of the most massive stars in our Galaxy. Thanks to JWST we can, for the first time, study the effect of external irradiation on the inner ($< 10$ au), terrestrial-planet forming regions of proto-planetary disks. In this study, we report on the detection of abundant water, CO, CO$_2$, HCN and C$_2$H$_2$ in the inner few au of XUE 1, a highly irradiated disk in NGC 6357. In addition, small, partially crystalline silicate dust is present at the disk surface. The derived column densities, the oxygen-dominated gas-phase chemistry, and the presence of silicate dust are surprisingly similar to those found in inner disks located in nearby, relatively isolated low-mass star-forming regions. Our findings imply that the inner regions of highly irradiated disks can retain similar physical and chemical conditions as disks in low-mass star-forming regions, thus broadening the range of environments with similar conditions for inner disk rocky planet formation to the most extreme star-forming regions in our Galaxy.