Heralded Optical Entanglement Generation via the Graph Picture of Linear Quantum Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to design heralded optical entanglement schemes using a graph-based approach, simplifying the creation of multipartite entangled states with linear quantum networks.

Contribution

It establishes translation rules from heralded subtraction operators to linear optical operators, enabling straightforward design of heralded schemes for multipartite entanglement.

Findings

Designed schemes for N-partite GHZ states with 2N photons

Created N-partite W states with 2N+1 photons

Generated superpositions of GHZ and W states with 9 photons

Abstract

Non-destructive heralded entanglement with photons is a valuable resource for quantum information processing. However, they generally entail ancillary particles and modes that amplify the circuit intricacy. To address this challenge, a recent work (\href{https://www.nature.com/articles/s41534-024-00845-6}{npj Quantum Information 10, 67 (2024)}) introduced a graph approach for creating multipartite entanglements with boson subtractions. Nonetheless, it remains an essential intermediate step toward practical heralded schemes: the proposition of heralded subtraction operators in bosonic linear quantum networks. This research establishes comprehensive translation rules from subtraction operators to linear optical operators, which provides a seamless path to design heralded schemes with single photons. Our method begets enhanced or previously unreported schemes for the $N$-partite GHZ state with $2N$ photons, $N$-partite W state with $2N+1$ photons and superposition of $N=3$ GHZ and W states with 9 photons. Our streamlined approach can straightforwardly design heralded schemes for multipartite entangled states by assembling the operators according to the guidence of sculpting bigraphs, hence significantly simplifies the quantum circuit design process.