Topology of black hole thermodynamics via R\'enyi statistics

TL;DR

This paper explores the topological properties of various black holes using Rényi statistics, revealing differences from Gibbs-Boltzmann statistics but consistent classifications across different black hole types and spacetime backgrounds.

Contribution

It introduces the use of Rényi statistics for black hole topology and compares results with traditional Gibbs-Boltzmann statistics, highlighting new topological classifications.

Findings

Topological numbers differ between Rényi and Gibbs-Boltzmann statistics.

Black holes are classified into two topological classes based on their properties.

Rényi statistics results in topological numbers similar to Gibbs-Boltzmann in different spacetime backgrounds.

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the topological numbers of the four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole, $d$-dimensional Reissner-Nordstr\"om (RN) black hole, $d$-dimensional singly rotating Kerr black hole and five-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet black hole via the R\'enyi statistics. We find that the topological number calculated via the R\'enyi statistics is different from that obtained from the Gibbs-Boltzmann (GB) statistics. However, what is interesting is that the topological classifications of different black holes are consistent in both the R\'enyi and GB statistics: the four-dimensional RN black hole, four-dimensional and five-dimensional singly rotating Kerr black holes, five-dimensional charged and uncharged Gauss-Bonnet black holes belong to the same kind of topological class, and the four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole and $d(>5)$-dimensional singly rotating Kerr black holes belong to another kind of topological class. In addition, our results suggest that the topological numbers calculated via the R\'enyi statistics in asymptotically flat spacetime background are equal to those calculated from the standard GB statistics in asymptotically AdS spacetime background, which provides more evidence for the connection between the nonextensivity of the R\'enyi parameter $\lambda$ and the cosmological constant $\Lambda$.