High-order adaptive multi-domain time integration scheme for microscale lithium-ion batteries simulations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a high-order adaptive multi-domain time integration scheme for microscale lithium-ion battery simulations, enabling efficient and accurate decoupling of complex multiphysics models across different domains.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel high-order adaptive coupling strategy for multi-domain time integration in lithium-ion battery simulations, surpassing the limitations of existing multirate methods.

Findings

The new method achieves high accuracy in space and time discretizations.

Temporal convergence studies confirm the effectiveness of the adaptive coupling.

The approach improves computational efficiency for high-fidelity 3D LIB simulations.

Abstract

We investigate the modeling and simulation of ionic transport and charge conservation in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) at the microscale. It is a multiphysics problem that involves a wide range of time scales. The associated computational challenges motivate the investigation of numerical techniques that can decouple the time integration of the governing equations in the liquid electrolyte and the solid phase (active materials and current collectors). First, it is shown that semi-discretization in space of the non-dimensionalized governing equations leads to a system of index-1 semi-explicit differential algebraic equations (DAEs). Then, a new generation of strategies for multi-domain integration is presented, enabling high-order adaptive coupling of both domains in time, with efficient and potentially different domain integrators. They reach a high level of flexibility for real applications, beyond the limitations of multirate methods. A simple 1D LIB half-cell code is implemented as a demonstrator of the new strategy for the simulation of different modes of cell operation. The integration of the decoupled subsystems is performed with high-order accurate implicit nonlinear solvers. The accuracy of the space discretization is assessed by comparing the numerical results to the analytical solutions. Then, temporal convergence studies demonstrate the accuracy of the new multi-domain coupling approach. Finally, the accuracy and computational efficiency of the adaptive coupling strategy are discussed in the light of the conditioning of the decoupled subproblems compared to the one of the fully-coupled problem. This new approach will constitute a key ingredient for the high-fidelity 3D LIB simulations based on actual electrode microstructures.