Energy quantization of the two dimensional Lane-Emden equation with vanishing potentials

TL;DR

This paper investigates the energy quantization and blow-up behavior of solutions to the two-dimensional Lane-Emden equation with vanishing potentials, especially focusing on the case with singularities and the Hénon equation.

Contribution

It establishes a quantization property for solutions with vanishing potentials and analyzes the blow-up behavior, including the case of non-integer , which was previously less understood.

Findings

Proves energy quantization involving delta measures at concentration points.

Shows blow-up is simple when  is not an integer.

Provides complete asymptotic behavior of ground state solutions for the Henon equation.

Abstract

We study the concentration phenomenon of the Lane-Emden equation with vanishing potentials \[\begin{cases} -\Delta u_n=W_n(x)u_n^{p_n},\quad u_n>0,\quad\text{in}~\Omega, u_n=0,\quad\text{on}~\partial\Omega, \int_\Omega p_n W_n(x)u_n^{p_n}dx\le C, \end{cases}\] where $\Omega$ is a smooth bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^2$, $W_n(x)\geq 0$ are bounded functions with zeros in $\Omega$, and $p_n\to\infty$ as $n\to\infty$. A typical example is $W_n(x)=|x|^{2\alpha}$ with $0\in\Omega$, i.e. the equation turns to be the well-known H\'enon equation. The asymptotic behavior for $\alpha=0$ has been well studied in the literature. While for $\alpha>0$, the problem becomes much more complicated since a singular Liouville equation appears as a limit problem. In this paper, we study the case $\alpha>0$ and prove a quantization property (suppose $0$ is a concentration point) \[p_n|x|^{2\alpha}u_n(x)^{p_n-1+t}\to 8\pi e^{\frac{t}{2}}\sum_{i=1}^k\delta_{a_i}+8\pi(1+\alpha)e^{\frac{t}{2}}c^t\delta_0, \quad t=0,1,2,\] for some $k\ge0$, $a_i\in\Omega\setminus\{0\}$ and some $c\ge1$. Moreover, for $\alpha\not\in\mathbb{N}$, we show that the blow up must be simple, i.e. $c=1$. As applications, we also obtain the complete asymptotic behavior of ground state solutions for the H\'enon equation.