Superfluidity in neutrino clusters

TL;DR

This paper investigates the possibility of neutrino superfluidity within neutrino clusters, deriving the conditions, phase transition temperature, and coherence length, and suggesting implications for cosmic neutrino background and early universe cooling.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model of neutrino superfluidity mediated by a light scalar boson, with detailed numerical analysis and constraints on interaction parameters.

Findings

Neutrino superfluid phase can form inside clusters under certain conditions.

The phase transition temperature and coherence length are quantified for various parameters.

A mechanism for neutrino cluster cooling via plasmons Čerenkov radiation is proposed.

Abstract

We study the formation of a superfluid condensate of neutrinos inside a neutrino cluster. The attractive interaction between neutrinos is mediated by a scalar boson which is lighter than a neutrino. We consider the appearance of neutrino bound states consisting of particles with oppositely directed spins. The gap equation for such a system is derived. Based on numerical simulations of the neutrino distribution in a cluster, we find the phase transition temperature and the coherence length inside such a cluster for various parameters of the system. The constraints on the parameters of the Yukawa interaction, resulting in the neutrino superfluidity, are derived. We obtain that the cosmic neutrino background can contribute to the superfluid condensate inside a neutrino cluster having realistic characteristics. The mechanism of the neutrino cluster cooling in the early universe, based on the plasmons \v{C}erenkov radiation, is proposed.