One-dimensional definable topological spaces in o-minimal structures

TL;DR

This paper investigates the structure of one-dimensional definable topological spaces within o-minimal structures, classifying their properties and establishing conditions for homeomorphisms, embeddings, and metrizability, with applications to open conjectures in set-theoretic topology.

Contribution

It provides a classification of one-dimensional definable topologies, characterizes regular and Hausdorff cases, and proves definable versions of classical topological conjectures.

Findings

Hausdorff one-dimensional definable topologies are piecewise Euclidean, discrete, or limit topologies

Characterization of regular, Hausdorff definable topologies via lexicographic orderings

Definable homeomorphism to Euclidean space for certain topologies in ordered field expansions

Abstract

We study the properties of topological spaces $(X,\tau)$, where $X$ is a definable set in an o-minimal structure and the topology $\tau$ on $X$ has a basis that is (uniformly) definable. Examples of such spaces include the canonical euclidean topology on definable sets, definable order topologies, definable quotient spaces and definable metric spaces. We use o-minimality to undertake their study in topological terms, focussing here in particular on spaces of dimension one. We present several results, given in terms of piecewise decompositions and existence of definable embeddings and homeomorphisms, for various classes of spaces that are described in terms of classical separation axioms and definable analogues of properties such as separability, compactness and metrizability. For example, we prove that all Hausdorff one-dimensional definable topologies are piecewise the euclidean, discrete, or upper or lower limit topology; we give a characterization of all one-dimensional, regular, Hausdorff definable topologies in terms of spaces that have a lexicographic ordering or a topology generalizing the Alexandrov double of the euclidean topology; and we show that, if the underlying structure expands an ordered field, then any one-dimensional Hausdorff definable topology that is piecewise euclidean is definably homeomorphic to a euclidean space. As applications of these results, we prove definable versions of several open conjectures from set-theoretic topology, due to Gruenhage and Fremlin, on the existence of a 3-element basis for regular, Hausdorff topologies and on the nature of perfectly normal, compact, Hausdorff spaces; we obtain universality results for some classes of Hausdorff and regular topologies; and we characterize when certain metrizable definable topologies admit a definable metric.