A Novel Deep Learning Technique for Morphology Preserved Fetal ECG Extraction from Mother ECG using 1D-CycleGAN

TL;DR

This paper introduces a deep learning method based on 1D CycleGAN to extract morphology-preserved fetal ECG signals from maternal ECG, improving accuracy and fidelity for fetal heart monitoring.

Contribution

It presents a novel 1D CycleGAN framework that maintains ECG morphology during fetal ECG extraction, outperforming traditional methods in fidelity and accuracy.

Findings

Achieved 88.4% PCC and 89.4% Spectral-Correlation scores.

Fetal heart rate and R-R interval estimation errors of 0.25% and 0.27%.

High accuracy in detecting fetal QRS with F1 score of 96.4%.

Abstract

Monitoring the electrical pulse of fetal heart through a non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) can easily detect abnormalities in the developing heart to significantly reduce the infant mortality rate and post-natal complications. Due to the overlapping of maternal and fetal R-peaks, the low amplitude of the fECG, systematic and ambient noises, typical signal extraction methods, such as adaptive filters, independent component analysis, empirical mode decomposition, etc., are unable to produce satisfactory fECG. While some techniques can produce accurate QRS waves, they often ignore other important aspects of the ECG. Our approach, which is based on 1D CycleGAN, can reconstruct the fECG signal from the mECG signal while maintaining the morphology due to extensive preprocessing and appropriate framework. The performance of our solution was evaluated by combining two available datasets from Physionet, "Abdominal and Direct Fetal ECG Database" and "Fetal electrocardiograms, direct and abdominal with reference heartbeat annotations", where it achieved an average PCC and Spectral-Correlation score of 88.4% and 89.4%, respectively. It detects the fQRS of the signal with accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score of 92.6%, 97.6%, 94.8% and 96.4%, respectively. It can also accurately produce the estimation of fetal heart rate and R-R interval with an error of 0.25% and 0.27%, respectively. The main contribution of our work is that, unlike similar studies, it can retain the morphology of the ECG signal with high fidelity. The accuracy of our solution for fetal heart rate and R-R interval length is comparable to existing state-of-the-art techniques. This makes it a highly effective tool for early diagnosis of fetal heart diseases and regular health checkups of the fetus.