T-even TMDs for the spin-0 pseudo-scalar mesons upto twist-4 using light-front formalism

TL;DR

This paper explores the internal structure of pseudo-scalar mesons like pions and kaons using light-front models, calculating TMDs up to twist-4 and analyzing their 3D and 2D momentum space structures.

Contribution

It provides the first calculation of higher-twist kaon properties within light-front dynamics and compares TMDs across different models.

Findings

Calculated all T-even TMDs for pion and kaon up to twist-4.

Analyzed the 3D and 2D structure and transverse momenta of these mesons.

Predicted higher-twist properties of kaons for the first time.

Abstract

We have investigated the pseudo-scalar meson structure in the form of transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) in the light-front based holographic model and quark model. Starting from leading order, we have calculated all the time-reversal even TMDs for pion and kaon up to twist-$4$ in these models. We have shown the 3-dimensional structure as well as the 2-dimensional structure of these particles along with their average quark transverse momenta. The parton distribution functions (PDFs) of pseudo-scalar mesons have been compared with the results of other models. The sum rules, TMD transverse dependence, inverse moments and Gaussian transverse dependence ratio in these models have also been studied. Further, the transverse quark densities have also been analyzed in the momentum space plane for these particles. The higher twist kaon properties in light-front dynamics have been predicted for the first time in this work.