Heavy-ion collisions, Gubser flow, and Carroll hydrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper establishes a duality between Gubser flow in heavy-ion collisions and Carrollian hydrodynamics, revealing a geometric and symmetry-based connection rooted in conformal Carroll symmetries and ultrarelativistic limits.

Contribution

It demonstrates that Gubser flow naturally emerges from Carrollian symmetries, providing a dual geometric framework and a precise mapping including hydrodynamic corrections.

Findings

Gubser flow corresponds to a conformal Carroll fluid.

The duality extends beyond ideal hydrodynamics to include derivative corrections.

Provides a geometric interpretation of flow symmetries in heavy-ion collisions.

Abstract

Gubser flow provides an analytic model for describing the spacetime dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions. Along with boost and rotation invariance along the beam axis, the model assumes invariance under a combination of translations and special conformal transformations in the transverse plane, leading to a flow profile which evolves not just along the beam axis, but also radially. We argue that Gubser flow and its associated symmetry assumptions arise naturally as a consequence of Carrollian symmetries for a conformal Carroll fluid, thereby providing a dual geometric picture for the flow. Given the inherent ultrarelativistic nature of the flow, this duality with Carroll hydrodynamics - which arises in the $c \to 0$ limit of relativistic hydrodynamics, is natural. We provide a precise map between Gubser flow and the conformal Carroll fluid, appropriate to capture the duality between the two not just at the ideal level, but also with the inclusion of hydrodynamic derivative corrections.