Disentangling photodoping, photoconductivity, and photosuperconductivity in the cuprates

TL;DR

This study clarifies that photosuperconductivity in cuprates results from a decrease in electronic scattering rate, not from photodoping, revealing distinct mechanisms and their relation to superconducting properties.

Contribution

It demonstrates that photosuperconductivity is caused by reduced scattering rate, not increased carrier density, challenging previous assumptions and clarifying the microscopic origins.

Findings

Photosuperconductivity linked to decreased scattering rate.

Photodoping and PPS are caused by different mechanisms.

Distinct wavelength and oxygen-content dependencies observed.

Abstract

The normal-state conductivity and superconducting critical temperature of oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7-x can be persistently enhanced by illumination. Strongly debated for years, the origin of those effects -- termed persistent photoconductivity (PPC) and photosuperconductivity (PPS) -- has remained an unsolved critical problem, whose comprehension may provide key insights to harness the origin of high-temperature superconductivity itself. Here we make essential steps toward understanding PPS. While the models proposed so far assume that it is caused by a carrier-density increase (photodoping) observed concomitantly, our experiments contradict such conventional belief: we demonstrate that it is instead linked to a photo-induced decrease of the electronic scattering rate. Furthermore, we find that the latter effect and photodoping are completely disconnected and originate from different microscopic mechanisms since they present different wavelength and oxygen-content dependencies as well as strikingly different relaxation dynamics. Besides helping disentangle photodoping, PPC, and PPS, our results provide new evidence for the intimate relation between critical temperature and scattering rate, a key ingredient in modern theories on high-temperature superconductivity.