Deep learning soliton dynamics and complex potentials recognition for 1D and 2D PT-symmetric saturable nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations

TL;DR

This paper extends physics-informed neural networks to learn and identify solitons and PT-symmetric potentials in 1D and 2D saturable nonlinear Schrödinger equations, demonstrating high accuracy and analyzing factors affecting performance.

Contribution

The study introduces a modified PINNs scheme for directly identifying PT potential functions in 1D and 2D SNLSEs, including inverse problems depending on propagation distance.

Findings

PINNs successfully learn stationary and non-stationary solitons with high accuracy.

The modified PINNs (mPINNs) effectively identify PT potential functions from solution data.

Activation functions and network structures significantly influence neural network performance.

Abstract

In this paper, we firstly extend the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to learn data-driven stationary and non-stationary solitons of 1D and 2D saturable nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations (SNLSEs) with two fundamental PT-symmetric Scarf-II and periodic potentials in optical fibers. Secondly, the data-driven inverse problems are studied for PT-symmetric potential functions discovery rather than just potential parameters in the 1D and 2D SNLSEs. Particularly, we propose a modified PINNs (mPINNs) scheme to identify directly the PT potential functions of the 1D and 2D SNLSEs by the solution data. And the inverse problems about 1D and 2D PT -symmetric potentials depending on propagation distance z are also investigated using mPINNs method. We also identify the potential functions by the PINNs applied to the stationary equation of the SNLSE. Furthermore, two network structures are compared under different parameter conditions such that the predicted PT potentials can achieve the similar high accuracy. These results illustrate that the established deep neural networks can be successfully used in 1D and 2D SNLSEs with high accuracies. Moreover, some main factors affecting neural networks performance are discussed in 1D and 2D PT Scarf-II and periodic potentials, including activation functions, structures of the networks, and sizes of the training data. In particular, twelve different nonlinear activation functions are in detail analyzed containing the periodic and non-periodic functions such that it is concluded that selecting activation functions according to the form of solution and equation usually can achieve better effect.