Deep learning-based image super-resolution of a novel end-expandable optical fiber probe for application in esophageal cancer diagnostics

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel end-expandable optical fiber probe combined with deep learning-based super-resolution to enhance field of view and image quality in esophageal cancer screening, potentially enabling earlier detection.

Contribution

It proposes a new end-expandable fiber probe and applies deep learning super-resolution to improve imaging, addressing limited field of view in microendoscopy.

Findings

DL-SR improves image quality across various degradation models

Super-resolved images are comparable to high-resolution images in clinical interpretation

The proposed method enhances screening efficiency for esophageal cancer

Abstract

Significance: Endoscopic screening for esophageal cancer may enable early cancer diagnosis and treatment. While optical microendoscopic technology has shown promise in improving specificity, the limited field of view (<1 mm) significantly reduces the ability to survey large areas efficiently in esophageal cancer screening. Aim: To improve the efficiency of endoscopic screening, we proposed a novel end-expandable endoscopic optical fiber probe for larger field of visualization and employed a deep learning-based image super-resolution (DL-SR) method to overcome the issue of limited sampling capability. Approach: To demonstrate feasibility of the end-expandable optical fiber probe, DL-SR was applied on simulated low-resolution (LR) microendoscopic images to generate super-resolved (SR) ones. Varying the degradation model of image data acquisition, we identified the optimal parameters for optical fiber probe prototyping. The proposed screening method was validated with a human pathology reading study. Results: For various degradation parameters considered, the DL-SR method demonstrated different levels of improvement of traditional measures of image quality. The endoscopist interpretations of the SR images were comparable to those performed on the high-resolution ones. Conclusions: This work suggests avenues for development of DL-SR-enabled end-expandable optical fiber probes to improve high-yield esophageal cancer screening.