MUSCLE: Multi-task Self-supervised Continual Learning to Pre-train Deep Models for X-ray Images of Multiple Body Parts

TL;DR

MUSCLE introduces a multi-task self-supervised continual learning framework that pre-trains deep models on diverse X-ray datasets, significantly improving performance across various medical imaging tasks.

Contribution

This work presents a novel multi-task self-supervised continual pre-training pipeline for X-ray images, addressing data heterogeneity and catastrophic forgetting in medical image analysis.

Findings

Enhanced performance on multiple X-ray tasks

Effective handling of data heterogeneity and overfitting

Improved generalization across diverse datasets

Abstract

While self-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms have been widely used to pre-train deep models, few efforts [11] have been done to improve representation learning of X-ray image analysis with SSL pre-trained models. In this work, we study a novel self-supervised pre-training pipeline, namely Multi-task Self-super-vised Continual Learning (MUSCLE), for multiple medical imaging tasks, such as classification and segmentation, using X-ray images collected from multiple body parts, including heads, lungs, and bones. Specifically, MUSCLE aggregates X-rays collected from multiple body parts for MoCo-based representation learning, and adopts a well-designed continual learning (CL) procedure to further pre-train the backbone subject various X-ray analysis tasks jointly. Certain strategies for image pre-processing, learning schedules, and regularization have been used to solve data heterogeneity, overfitting, and catastrophic forgetting problems for multi-task/dataset learning in MUSCLE.We evaluate MUSCLE using 9 real-world X-ray datasets with various tasks, including pneumonia classification, skeletal abnormality classification, lung segmentation, and tuberculosis (TB) detection. Comparisons against other pre-trained models [7] confirm the proof-of-concept that self-supervised multi-task/dataset continual pre-training could boost the performance of X-ray image analysis.