Near-field Integrated Sensing and Communication: Opportunities and Challenges

TL;DR

This paper explores the emerging field of near-field integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) enabled by large-scale arrays, highlighting its advantages, approaches, challenges, and future research directions.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of near-field ISAC, compares it with far-field methods, and discusses three approaches along with associated challenges and solutions.

Findings

Near-field ISAC offers unique advantages over far-field methods.

Three approaches for near-field ISAC are proposed and analyzed.

Future research directions in near-field ISAC are identified.

Abstract

With the extremely large-scale array XL-array deployed in future wireless systems, wireless communication and sensing are expected to operate in the radiative near-field region, which needs to be characterized by the spherical rather than planar wavefronts. Unlike most existing works that considered far-field integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), we study in this article the new near-field ISAC, which integrates both functions of sensing and communication in the near-field region. To this end, we first discuss the appealing advantages of near-field communication and sensing over their far-field counterparts, respectively. Then, we introduce three approaches for near-field ISAC, including joint near-field communication and sensing, sensing-assisted near-field communication, and communication-assisted near-field sensing. We discuss their individual research opportunities, new design issues, as well as propose promising solutions. Finally, several important directions in near-field ISAC are also highlighted to motivate future work.