Neural Fiber Activation in Unipolar vs Bipolar Deep Brain Stimulation

TL;DR

This study uses computational modeling to explore how different deep brain stimulation parameters and configurations affect neural activation, particularly in the Dentato-Rubro-Thalamic Tract, providing insights into optimizing therapeutic effects.

Contribution

It introduces a novel computational model analyzing the impact of stimulation signal shape, amplitude, and polarity on neural activation in DBS, especially in the DRTT.

Findings

Longer pulse widths lower the stimulation amplitude needed for neural firing.

Bipolar stimulation polarity significantly influences neural traffic modulation.

Bipolar configurations can selectively target different fiber tracts.

Abstract

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an established and powerful treatment method in various neurological disorders. It involves chronically delivering electrical pulses to a certain stimulation target in the brain in order to alleviate the symptoms of a disease. Traditionally, the effect of DBS on neural tissue has been modeled based on the geometrical intersection of the static Volume of Tissue Activated (VTA) and the stimulation target. Recent studies suggest that the Dentato-Rubro-Thalamic Tract (DRTT) may serve as a potential common underlying stimulation target for tremor control in Essential Tremor (ET). However, clinical observations highlight that the therapeutic effect of DBS, especially in ET, is strongly influenced by the dynamic DBS parameters such as pulse width and frequency, as well as stimulation polarity. This study introduces a computational model to elucidate the effect of the stimulation signal shape on the DRTT under neural input. The simulation results suggest that achieving a specific pulse amplitude threshold is necessary before eliciting the therapeutic effect through adjustments in pulse widths and frequencies becomes feasible. Longer pulse widths proved more likely to induce firing, thus requiring a lower stimulation amplitude. Additionally, the modulation effect of bipolar configurations on neural traffic was found to vary significantly depending on the chosen stimulation polarity and the direction of neural traffic. Further, bipolar configurations demonstrated the ability to selectively influence firing patterns in different fiber tracts.