Impact of transforming interface geometry on edge states in valley photonic crystals

TL;DR

This paper explores how changing the interface geometry in valley photonic crystals influences topologically protected edge states, affecting their dispersion, gap formation, and robustness, with implications for valley-dependent transport.

Contribution

It demonstrates that interface geometry critically determines the nature and robustness of valley edge states in photonic crystals, revealing new ways to control topological photonic phenomena.

Findings

Transition from gapless to gapped edge states with interface change

Slow light phenomena within the Brillouin zone

Reduced robustness of valley transport with defect simulations

Abstract

Topologically protected edge states arise at the interface of two topologically distinct valley photonic crystals. In this work, we investigate how tailoring the interface geometry, specifically from a zigzag interface to a glide plane, profoundly affects these edge states. Near-field measurements demonstrate how this transformation significantly changes the dispersion relation of the edge mode. We observe a transition from gapless edge states to gapped ones, accompanied by the occurrence of slow light within the Brillouin zone, rather than at its edge. Additionally, we simulate the propagation of the modified edge states through a specially designed valley-conserving defect. The simulations show, by monitoring the transmittance of this defect, how the robustness to backscattering gradually decreases, suggesting a disruption of valley-dependent transport. These findings demonstrate how the gradual emergence of valley-dependent gapless edge states in a valley photonic crystal depends on the geometry of its interface.