Calibrating the effective magnitudes of type Ia supernovae with a model-independent method

TL;DR

This study uses a model-independent method with supernova and gravitational lensing data to investigate the evolution of Type Ia supernova magnitudes, finding no significant evolution at the 1σ level, which refines understanding of their intrinsic properties.

Contribution

It introduces a model-independent approach combining SNe Ia and SGLS data to constrain supernova magnitude evolution parameters without assuming specific models.

Findings

No significant evolution of supernova magnitudes at 1σ confidence level.

Constraints on evolution parameters: ε ≈ 0 within uncertainties.

Supports the use of SNe Ia as standard candles in cosmology.

Abstract

This research explores the correlation between the absolute magnitude and the redshift of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with a model-independent approach. The Pantheon sample of SNe Ia and strong gravitational lensing systems (SGLS) are used. With the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR), the evolution parameter of the magnitude, the light curve parameters of SNe Ia, and the parameters of the SGLS geometric model are constrained simultaneously. Considering the consistency of the redshifts, we selected a subsample of SNe Ia in which the redshift of each SNe Ia is close to the corresponding redshift of the SGLS sample. Two parametric models are used to describe this evolution, which can be written as $\delta_M=\varepsilon z$ and $\delta_M=\varepsilon\log(1+z)$, respectively. Our analysis reveals that $\varepsilon=-0.036^{+0.357}_{-0.339}$ in the first parametric model and $\varepsilon=-0.014^{+0.588}_{-0.630}$ in the second model, indicating that no significant evolution ($\varepsilon=0$) is supported at the 1$\sigma$ confidence level in this study. These results represent a significant advancement in our understanding of the intrinsic properties of SNe Ia and provide important constraints for future SNe Ia study.