Cosmological model based on both holographic-like connection and Padmanabhan's holographic equipartition law

TL;DR

This paper develops a cosmological model in a flat universe using holographic principles, deriving equations that relate entropy and temperature, and showing the entropy's dominant role in universe evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a new cosmological model combining holographic-like connection and Padmanabhan's law, highlighting the importance of entropy over temperature in universe dynamics.

Findings

Friedmann and acceleration equations derived from holographic assumptions.

Equations simplify to a form similar to $(t)$ cosmologies.

Model with power-law corrected entropy analyzed.

Abstract

A cosmological model based on holographic scenarios is formulated in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. To formulate this model, the cosmological horizon is assumed to have a general entropy and a general temperature (including Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and Gibbons-Hawking temperature, respectively). In addition, a holographic-like connection [Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 690 (2023) (arXiv:2212.05822)] and Padmanabhan's holographic equipartition law are assumed for the entropy and temperature, and the Friedmann and acceleration equations are derived from these. The derived Friedmann and acceleration equations include both the entropy and the temperature and are slightly complicated, but can be combined into a single simple equation, corresponding to a similar equation that describes the background evolution of the universe in time-varying $\Lambda (t)$ cosmologies. The simple equation depends on the entropy but not on the temperature because the temperatures in the Friedmann and acceleration equations cancel each other. These results imply that the holographic-like connection should be consistent with Padmanabhan's holographic equipartition law through the present model and that the entropy plays a more important role. When the Gibbons-Hawking temperature is used as the temperature, the Friedmann and acceleration equations are found to be equivalent to those for a $\Lambda(t)$ model. A particular case of the present model is also examined, applying a power-law corrected entropy.