The ALMA Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS): The molecular gas content of galaxies at z~7

TL;DR

This study uses [CII] emission to measure molecular gas in galaxies at z~7, revealing substantial gas content and consistent scaling relations with lower redshift galaxies, informing galaxy formation during reionization.

Contribution

It provides the first direct measurements of molecular gas content in z~7 galaxies using [CII] emission, extending known scaling relations to earlier cosmic times.

Findings

Galaxies at z~7 contain substantial molecular gas (~10^{10.5} M_sun).

Molecular gas to stellar mass ratios and depletion timescales are consistent with lower redshift trends.

Cosmic molecular gas density increases steadily from z~7 to 4.

Abstract

A key to understanding the formation of the first galaxies is to quantify the content of the molecular gas as the fuel for star formation activity through the epoch of reionization. In this paper, we use the 158$\mu$m [CII] fine-structure emission line as a tracer of the molecular gas in the interstellar medium (ISM) in a sample of $z=6.5-7.5$ galaxies recently unveiled by the Reionization Era Bright Line Emission Survey, REBELS, with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We find substantial amounts of molecular gas ($\sim10^{10.5}\ M_\odot$) comparable to those found in lower redshift galaxies for similar stellar masses ($\sim10^{10}\ M_\odot$). The REBELS galaxies appear to follow the standard scaling relations of molecular gas to stellar mass ratio ($\mu_{\rm mol}$) and gas depletion timescale ($t_{\rm dep}$) with distance to the star-forming main-sequence expected from extrapolations of $z\sim1-4$ observations. We find median values at $z\sim7$ of $\mu_{\rm mol}=2.6_{-1.4}^{4.1}$ and $t_{\rm dep}=0.5_{-0.14}^{+0.26}$ Gyr, indicating that the baryonic content of these galaxies is gas-phase dominated and little evolution from $z\sim7$ to 4. Our measurements of the cosmic density of molecular gas, log$(\rho_{\rm mol}/(M_\odot {\rm Mpc}^{-3}))=6.34^{+0.34}_{-0.31}$, indicate a steady increase by an order of magnitude from $z\sim7$ to 4.