Zero-Energy-Device for 6G: First Real-Time Backscatter Communication thanks to the Detection of Pilots from an Ambient Commercial Cellular Network

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the first real-time ambient backscatter communication using a zero-energy device with an actual 4G network, enabling energy-efficient data transmission without additional radio emissions.

Contribution

It introduces a practical implementation of a zero-energy backscatter device that detects pilot signals from a commercial 4G network in real-time, advancing ambient backscatter technology for 6G.

Findings

Successful real-time backscatter communication with a commercial 4G network

Zero-energy device powered solely by ambient light energy

Detection of pilot signals enables reliable data transmission

Abstract

Ambient backscatter communication technology (AmBC) and a novel device category called zero-energy devices (ZED) have recently emerged as potential components for the forthcoming 6th generation (6G) networks. A ZED communicates with a smartphone without emitting additional radio waves, by backscattering ambient waves from base stations. Thanks to its very low consumption, a ZED powers itself by harvesting ambient light energy. However, the time variations of data traffic in cellular networks prevents AmBC to work properly. Recent works have demonstrated experimentally that a backscatter device could be detected by listening only ambient pilot signals (which are steady) instead of the whole ambient signal (which is bursty) of 4G. However, these experiments were run with a 4G base station emulator and a bulky energy greedy backscatter device. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate real-time AmBC on the field, with Orange commercial 4G network as ambient source and Orange Zero-Energy Device.