Towards a Novel Ultrasound System Based on Low-Frequency Feature Extraction From a Fully-Printed Flexible Transducer

TL;DR

This paper introduces a flexible, fully printed ultrasound transducer system designed for continuous blood flow monitoring, reducing power and computational needs while maintaining accuracy, suitable for wearable healthcare applications.

Contribution

The study presents a novel, fully printed flexible ultrasound transducer with an integrated hardware envelope filter, enabling low-power, adaptable, and accurate blood flow monitoring.

Findings

Achieved less than 0.05 Hz error in pump frequency reconstruction.

Reduced ultrasound signal bandwidth by over 6x, from 12.5 MHz to about 2 MHz.

Demonstrated potential for low-power, inexpensive wearable ultrasound devices.

Abstract

Ultrasound is a key technology in healthcare, and it is being explored for non-invasive, wearable, continuous monitoring of vital signs. However, its widespread adoption in this scenario is still hindered by the size, complexity, and power consumption of current devices. Moreover, such an application demands adaptability to human anatomy, which is hard to achieve with current transducer technology. This paper presents a novel ultrasound system prototype based on a fully printed, lead-free, and flexible polymer ultrasound transducer, whose bending radius promises good adaptability to the human anatomy. Our application scenario focuses on continuous blood flow monitoring. We implemented a hardware envelope filter to efficiently transpose high-frequency ultrasound signals to a lower-frequency spectrum. This reduces computational and power demands with little to no degradation in the task proposed for this work. We validated our method on a setup that mimics human blood flow by using a flow phantom and a peristaltic pump simulating 3 different heartbeat rhythms: 60, 90 and 120 beats per minute. Our ultrasound setup reconstructs peristaltic pump frequencies with errors of less than 0.05 Hz (3 bpm) from the set pump frequency, both for the raw echo and the enveloped echo. The analog pre-processing showed a promising reduction of signal bandwidth of more than 6x: pulse-echo signals of transducers excited at 12.5 MHz were reduced to about 2 MHz. Thus, allowing consumer MCUs to acquire and elaborate signals within mW-power range in an inexpensive fashion.