Room-temperature ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal showing a large and divergent density

TL;DR

This study provides the first experimental density measurements of a room-temperature ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal, revealing significant density values and changes at phase transitions, which could inform future material development.

Contribution

It introduces the first experimental density data for a room-temperature ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal, validating a measurement method and revealing density behavior at phase transitions.

Findings

Room-temperature ferroelectric nematic shows density >1.3 g/cm³.

Density increases at phase transitions, especially at the I-N transition.

Experimental data aligns with atomistic simulation predictions.

Abstract

The ferroelectric nematic phase (NF) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state is augmented with polar order. Atomistic simulations suggest that the polar NF phase would be denser than conventional nematics owing to contributions from polar order. Using an oscillating U-tube densitometer, we obtain detailed temperature-dependent density values for a selection of conventional liquid crystals with excellent agreement with earlier reports. Having demonstrated the validity of our method, we then record density as a function of temperature for M5, a novel room-temperature ferroelectric nematic material. We present the first experimental density data for a NF material as well as density data for a nematic that has not previously been reported. We find that the room-temperature NF material shows a large (>1.3 g cm3) density at all temperatures studied, with an increase in density at phase transitions. The magnitude of the increase for the intermediate splay-ferroelectric nematic (NX-NF) transition is an order of magnitude smaller than the isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition. Present results may be typical of ferroelectric nematic materials, potentially guiding material development, and is especially relevant for informing ongoing studies into this emerging class of materials.